Prokaryotic Cell Vs Eukaryotic Cells

Here's a chart comparing the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells:

 

Feature	Prokaryotic Cell	Eukaryotic Cell
Nucleus	No true nucleus	True nucleus, enclosed by a nuclear membrane
DNA	Single, circular chromosome	Multiple linear chromosomes
Organelles	Few, no membrane-bound organelles	Many, membrane-bound organelles
Size	Smaller, typically 1-10 micrometers	Larger, typically 10-100 micrometers
Reproduction	Asexual only	Sexual and asexual
Ribosomes	Smaller	Larger
Cell wall	Present in many, composed of peptidoglycan	Present in some, composed of cellulose or chitin
Movement	Flagella made of flagellin	Flagella or cilia made of microtubules
Examples	Bacteria and archaea	Animals, plants, fungi, and protists

Note that not all prokaryotic cells have a cell wall, and not all eukaryotic cells have flagella or cilia. Additionally, these generalizations have some exceptions, such as bacteria with membrane-bound compartments or eukaryotic cells lacking a true nucleus (such as red blood cells).

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes are two broad categories of living organisms that differ in their structural and functional characteristics. 

Here is a detailed explanation of the differences between the two:

Prokaryotes:

Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms that lack distinct nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. The genetic material in prokaryotic cells is found in the form of a single circular DNA molecule, which is not enclosed within a nucleus. Prokaryotes are generally smaller in size than eukaryotes and have a simpler structure. They are divided into two main groups: bacteria and archaea.

 

Structural features:

Prokaryotic cells have a cell membrane, which encloses the cytoplasm and other internal structures.

The cytoplasm of prokaryotes contains ribosomes, which are responsible for protein synthesis.

The cell wall of prokaryotes is made up of peptidoglycan, a complex polymer that provides structural support to the cell.

Some prokaryotes have flagella, which are used for movement.

Functional features:

Prokaryotes carry out all metabolic processes within a single cell.

Prokaryotes reproduce through asexual reproduction, which involves the division of a single cell into two identical daughter cells.

Prokaryotes have the ability to exchange genetic material with other cells through a process called horizontal gene transfer.

Prokaryotes are found in a wide range of habitats, including soil, water, and the human body.

Eukaryotes:

Eukaryotes are complex, multicellular organisms that have distinct nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells are larger in size than prokaryotic cells and have a more complex structure. Eukaryotes are divided into four main groups: animals, plants, fungi, and protists.

 

Structural features:

Eukaryotic cells have a distinct nucleus, which houses the genetic material in the form of multiple linear chromosomes.

Eukaryotic cells contain a variety of membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus, which carry out specialized functions within the cell.

The cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells contains ribosomes, which are responsible for protein synthesis.

Eukaryotic cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane, which separates the internal environment of the cell from the external environment.

Functional features:

Eukaryotes carry out metabolic processes through a variety of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Eukaryotes reproduce through both asexual and sexual reproduction, depending on the species.

Eukaryotes have a complex system of growth, development, and differentiation, which allows them to carry out a wide range of specialized functions.

Eukaryotes are found in a wide range of habitats, including soil, water, and the human body.